DBMS Introduction

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Let's examine what DBMS, 

  • which stands for Database Management System, actually means. Data is stored, retrieved, and managed in a database. 
  • Then, what is a data? Databases contain everything from complex data, like astronomical data handled by scientists, to meaningful information, like your name and favorite color. A collection of applications for managing data, including storing, retrieving, filtering, and other functions, is referred to as a management system. 
  • Several well-known database management systems include Oracle, MySQL, and others. Among the noteworthy characteristics of a strong database management system are its ability to protect data and make it easy for users to use.

Definition: “A database management system (DBMS) is system soft ware for creating and managing databases. Th e DBMS provides users and programmers with a systematic way to create, retrieve, update and manage data.”

What kind of information is kept in a database?
Only related data would be grouped together and stored in a database under a single group name called a table. This facilitates the process of determining which data is kept where and under what name.

Evolution of DBMS:

The idea of storing data in many formats dates back more than 40 years. In the past, they stored the data using punched card technology. Files were then used. File systems were regarded as database systems' forerunners. The file system had multiple access techniques, including sequential, random, and indexed access.

The file system featured additional restrictions, such as

Data Duplication: several resources use the same data for processing, resulting in several copies of the same data that waste space.

High Maintenance: High maintenance costs are required for access control and data consistency verification.

Security: less protection for the data.

So database systems became popular to overcome the above limitations of file system.

DBMS Concepts:
Relational Database Management System (RDBMS) and Object Database Management System (ODBMS) are two examples of the few standards that apply to all types of database management systems. The two fundamental ideas listed here are followed by all DBMS.

Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, and Durability are the acronyms for ACID Properties. 

  • Atomicity updates database data for the user doing the update process by adhering to the maxim "All or Nothing." This update process, known as a transaction, either commits (updating successfully) or aborts (updating unsuccessfully).
  • Consistency guarantees that variations in data values are constant at all times. This property contributes to the transaction's success. 
  • Concurrent transactions require isolation properties. A concurrent transaction is one in which several people access the same object simultaneously to complete the transaction. Transactions are serialized and segregated from other users to avoid conflicts during database updates. Another name for this is the Degree of Consistency. 
  • The capacity of the system to restore all completed transactions in the event of a storage or system failure is known as durability.
The DBMS's data sharing method is called Concurrency Control and Locking. Proper access control is required when numerous users share the same data, and locking is used to limit who has the ability to change an application's data item.
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